1. DEFINITION OF
LITERATURE The word literature is derived from the Latin term Literal which
means letter. It has been defined by various writers. Because literature deals
with ideas, thoughts and emotions of man, literature can be said to be the
story of man. Man’s loves, griefs, thoughts, dreams, and aspirations coached in
a beautiful language are Literature.
2. In order to know
the history of a nation’s spirit, one must read its literature. Brother Azurin
defines Literature that it expresses the feelings of people to society, to the
government, to his surroundings, to his Fellowmen and to his Divine Creator.
Webster defines literature as anything that is printed, as long as it is related
to the ideas and feelings of people, whether it is true, or just a product of
one’s imagination. Salazar and Nazal say that true literature is a piece of
written work which is undying.
3. In response to
his everyday efforts to live, to be happy in his environment and, after
struggles, to reach his Creator.
4. LITERARY
STANDARDS Universality Artistry Intellectual Value Suggestiveness Spiritual
Value Permanence Style
5. UNIVERSALITY
Great literature is timeless and timely. Forever relevant, it appeals to one
and all, anytime, anywhere, because it deals with elemental feelings,
fundamental truths and universal conditions.
6. Artistry this is
the quality that appeals to our sense of beauty.
7. Intellectual
Value a literary works stimulates thought. It enriches our mental life by
making us realize fundamental truths about life and human nature.
8. Suggestiveness
this is the quality associated with the emotional power of literature. Great
literature moves us deeply and stirs our feeling and imagination, giving and
evoking visions above and beyond the plane of ordinary life and experience.
9. Spiritual Value
Literature elevates the spirit by bringing out moral values which makes better
persons. The capacity to inspire is part of the spiritual value of literature.
10. Permanence a
great work of literature endures. It can be read again and again as each
reading gives fresh delight and new insights and opens a new world of meaning
and experience. Its appeal is lasting.
11. Style this is the
peculiar way in which writers sees life, forms his ideas and expresses them.
12. Why do we need to
study Philippine Literature?
13. We study
Philippine Literature so that we can better appreciate our literary heritage.
Through the study of Philippine Literature, we can trace our rich heritage of
ideas and handed down to us from our forefathers. Understand that we have noble
traditions which can serve as the means to assimilate other cultures. Realize
literary limitations conditioned by certain historical factors and we can take
steps to overcome them. Manifest our deep concern for our own literature.
14. Literature and
History Literature and history are closely interrelated. In discovering history
of a race, a country, we basically understand their own culture and traditions,
hence the written customs and traditions of a country, the dreams and
aspirations of its people is called Literature. History can also be written
down and this too, is literature. History therefore is an integral part of
literature.
15. Literature and
history however also have their differences. Literature may not necessarily be
based on true events but history is.
16. Literary
Compositions that influenced the world The Bible or the Sacred Writings – This
has become the basis of Christianity originating from Palestine and Greece.
Koran- the Muslim Bible originating from Arabia. The Iliad and Odyssey – These
have been the source of myths and legends of Greece. They were written by
Homer.
17. The Mahabharata-
The longest epic of the world. It contains the history of religion of India.
Canterbury Tales- It depicts the religion and customs of the English in the
early days. This originated from England and written by Chaucer. Uncle Tom’s
Cabin- by Harriet Beecher Stowe of the US. This depicted the sad fate of
slaves; this became the basis of democracy later on. The Divine Comedy – by
Dante Alighieri This shows the religion and customs of the
18. El Cid Compeador
– This shows the cultural characteristics of the Spaniards and their national
history. The Song of Roland – This includes Doce Pares and Roncesvalles of
France. It tells about the Golden age of Christianity in France. The Book of
the Dead – This includes the cult of Osiris and the mythology and theology of
Egypt. One Thousand and One Nights or the Arabian Nights – From Arabia and
Persia (Iran) It shows the ways of government, of industries and of the society
of the Arabs
19. Genre of
Literature Literature Prose Poetry
20. Types of Prose Novel- This are a long narrative divided
into chapters. Short Story – It is a fictional narrative in prose consisting of
a series of events designed to create a single dominant effect. It is intended
to be read in one sitting Plays- These are presented on a stage, is divided
into acts and each acts has many
21. Essay- is a prose
composition with a focused subject of discussion or a long systematic
discourse. The word essay is taken from the French infinitive essayer to try or
to attempt Biography – these deals with the life of a person. Fairytale – Is a
type of narrative that relates the lives and adventures of supernatural spirit.
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